Sussex has rapidly gained a reputation as a prime region for growing exceptional wine grapes, particularly Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier. These three grape varieties are often associated with sparkling wine production and thrive in Sussex due to a unique combination of climate, soil and winemaking expertise. Here’s a closer look at why these grapes are perfectly suited to Sussex and how the growing conditions compare to warmer climates.
The Sussex climate: cool yet perfect
Sussex benefits from a cool maritime climate, which is one of the key reasons why Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier excel here. These grape varieties need a mild growing season, the two red are considered light skinned so don’t need as long to ripen. This means they can be picked early autumn before the weather changes.
The soils of Sussex: chalky gold
One of the most significant factors contributing to the success of these grape varieties is the chalk-rich soil in Sussex. Chalk soils offer exceptional drainage, preventing waterlogging while still retaining enough moisture to support the vines during drier periods. The chalky terroir imparts a distinct minerality to the wines, giving them elegance and finesse. This soil profile is similar to that of Champagne, making Sussex an ideal location for sparkling wine production. These soils are low in nutrients, encouraging vines to work harder and focus their energy on producing high-quality fruit rather than excessive foliage.
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier in Sussex
- Chardonnay: known for its versatility, Chardonnay thrives in Sussex’s cool climate. The high acidity levels it maintains are essential for sparkling wines, while the longer growing season helps develop subtle citrus, green apple, and brioche notes.
- Pinot Noir: this grape is more challenging to grow due to its thin skin and susceptibility to disease, but Sussex’s cool climate mitigates these risks. Pinot Noir contributes structure, depth, and red fruit flavours to sparkling wines.
- Pinot Meunier: often the unsung hero of sparkling blends, Pinot Meunier adds fruit-forward flavours and aromatics. It ripens earlier than Pinot Noir, which is advantageous in cooler climates like Sussex.
How Sussex compares to warm climates
In warmer wine regions like California or parts of Australia, these grapes behave quite differently:
- Acidity vs. sugar:
In warmer climates, grapes ripen faster, leading to higher sugar levels and lower acidity. This results in richer, fuller-bodied wines that lack the bright freshness found in cool-climate wines. Sussex’s cool climate preserves the crisp acidity needed for sparkling wine, ensuring balance and longevity. - Flavour profiles:
In warmer climates, Chardonnay can develop tropical fruit flavours, while in Sussex, it retains green apple, citrus, and floral notes. Pinot Noir in warmer climates leans toward jammy, ripe fruit characteristics, whereas in Sussex, it is more restrained, with red berry and earthy undertones. - Pest and disease pressure:
Warmer regions often face higher pest and disease pressure, requiring more interventions. Sussex’s cooler weather reduces the prevalence of some pests and diseases.
Want to taste the difference?
Here are some wines I recommend to try from Sussex and other parts of the world to see the difference.
Chardonnay – Sussex Stopham Chardonnay 2022, Versus Californian Bread and Butter Chardonnay.
Pinot Noir – Sussex Artelium Pinot Noir 2023, Versus Australian Moorooduc Estate Robinson Vineyard.
Pinot Meunier – You need to pop just out of Sussex for a Pinot Meunier still from Simpsons (Canterbury). Oastbrook made one but are currently sold out. Let’s hope they have another in the pipeline! Versus Australian Between Five Bell 2020.
In a traditional English Sparkling Wine you will find a blend of these 3 grapes, the ratios may change to achieve different styles so make sure to taste ones from across Sussex to taste the difference!
Emma Hodges is an Accessibility and Inclusion Consultant and named #59 Top 100 Most Influential People in Drinks in 2024. You can find out more about her at EmmasWineTime.
If you like this post about Christmas pairings, you may also like:
